{"id":7442,"date":"2025-08-26T10:00:12","date_gmt":"2025-08-26T10:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.isdin.com\/en-US\/blog\/?p=7442"},"modified":"2025-08-26T12:22:29","modified_gmt":"2025-08-26T12:22:29","slug":"layers-and-functions-of-skin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.isdin.com\/us\/blog\/skincare\/layers-and-functions-of-skin\/","title":{"rendered":"Under Your Skin: Layers and Functions of Skin"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Reading:<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When you hear the word <em>layers<\/em>, you might think of cozy sweaters or your favorite haircut trend. But your skin\u2019s layered structure is a bit more complex\u2014not to mention vital to its health, well-being, and appearance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Understanding how your skin is built, how it functions, and how it changes over time <strong>helps you care for it in a deeper, more intentional way<\/strong>. So let\u2019s explore the layers of skin, how they work, and how to support each one\u2014starting from the bottom and working our way to the surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How many layers of skin do you have?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Your skin has <strong>three main layers<\/strong>: <strong>the<\/strong> <strong>hypodermis, dermis, and epidermis<\/strong>. Each layer plays a unique role in maintaining skin health, and together, they form the body\u2019s largest organ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To keep things simple, you can think of the skin structure like a well-thought-out winter outfit:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>hypodermis<\/strong>, also called the <strong>subcutaneous layer<\/strong>, is your thermal base layer\u2014it insulates and cushions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>dermis<\/strong>, the <strong>middle layer of the skin<\/strong>, is your cozy knit\u2014it provides strength and structure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>And the <strong>epidermis<\/strong> is your sleek, weatherproof shell\u2014protecting you from the outside world.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>And just like your winter wardrobe, these layers change with time. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.isdin.com\/us\/blog\/skincare\/skin-aging-through-the-years\/\">As we age<\/a>, each skin layer undergoes natural changes in thickness, elasticity, hydration, and function. But with the right care, <strong>you can support your skin at every stage.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"618\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.isdin.com\/us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Layers-of-skin.jpg\" alt=\"Layers of skin\" class=\"wp-image-11343 lazyload\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is the skin made of?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Beyond its three layers, your skin is a dynamic structure made up of:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Water<\/strong> (around 64%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Proteins<\/strong> like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.isdin.com\/us\/blog\/skincare\/what-is-collagen-for-skin\/\">collagen<\/a>, elastin, and keratin<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lipids<\/strong> that form the skin\u2019s protective barrier<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cells<\/strong> including keratinocytes, melanocytes, fibroblasts, immune cells, and more<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Glands<\/strong>, <strong>nerve endings<\/strong>, and <strong>capillaries<\/strong> that regulate temperature, sensation, and hydration<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis<\/strong> work together to perform over a dozen essential functions every day\u2014from preventing infection to regulating body temperature, and even expressing emotions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"618\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.isdin.com\/us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/What-is-the-skin-made-of_.jpg\" alt=\"What is the skin made of_\" class=\"wp-image-11345 lazyload\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What are the different layers of skin?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s break down the three key skin layers\u2014what they\u2019re made of, how they function, and how they evolve over time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hypodermis: the deepest layer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Also known as subcutaneous tissue, the <strong>hypodermis<\/strong> works as your body\u2019s natural energy reserve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This layer is mainly composed of fat and connective tissue, giving skin its volume and shape. It also cushions and protects muscles, bones, and organs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Even more impressive? It acts as a natural insulator\u2014just like a thermal base layer\u2014keeping you warm and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.isdin.com\/us\/blog\/skincare\/nourishing-winter-skincare-routine\/\">protected from the cold<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Key functions:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Stores energy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provides insulation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>How it changes over time:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fat volume decreases, especially in the face, leading to a loss of firmness and smoothness.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fat redistribution may lead to the appearance of sagging.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>How to care for it:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Healthy lifestyle choices\u2014like getting <a href=\"https:\/\/www.isdin.com\/us\/blog\/skincare\/the-science-of-beauty-sleep-and-your-skin\/\">quality sleep<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.isdin.com\/us\/blog\/skincare\/how-diet-and-nutrition-affects-skin\/\">balanced nutrition<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.isdin.com\/us\/blog\/lifestyle\/5-health-benefits-of-yoga\/\">regular exercise<\/a>\u2014play a big role in supporting overall skin health, even in its deepest layers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"618\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.isdin.com\/us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Holistic-skincare-yoga.jpg\" alt=\"Holistic skincare - yoga\" class=\"wp-image-11341 lazyload\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dermis: the middle layer of skin<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>dermis<\/strong> sits between the epidermis and hypodermis. Think of it like your cozy knit sweater\u2014providing structure, strength, and elasticity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This layer is about ten times thicker than the epidermis and is rich in blood vessels, connective tissue, and nerve endings\u2014making it responsible for your sense of touch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It also houses the <strong>extracellular matrix<\/strong>, which contains three key players: <strong>collagen fibers<\/strong>, <strong>elastin fibers<\/strong>, and <strong>proteoglycans<\/strong>. Collagen gives structure, elastin provides flexibility, and proteoglycans help skin retain moisture (they can hold up to <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ics.12660\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1000 times<\/a> their molecular weight in water!).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Plus, the dermis includes <strong>sebaceous and sweat glands<\/strong>, which help regulate temperature and play a role in blemishes and breakouts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Key function:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Provides elasticity, volume, and strength<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>How it changes over time:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Collagen and elastin fibers break down, reducing skin\u2019s firmness and elasticity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Proteoglycan levels decrease, leading to dryness<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>How to care for it:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hydration is key. Look for <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.isdin.com\/us\/p\/hyaluronic-concentrate\/3805\">hydrating serums<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.isdin.com\/us\/blog\/skincare\/how-to-use-ampoules-in-your-skincare-routine\/\">ampoules<\/a><\/strong> that support firmness and elasticity\u2014especially those formulated with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.isdin.com\/us\/p\/flavo-c-ultraglican-30-ampoules\/1503\">proteoglycans and pre-proteoglycans<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"618\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.isdin.com\/us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Serum-to-care-for-skin-layers.jpg\" alt=\"Serum to care for skin layers\" class=\"wp-image-11344 lazyload\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Epidermis: The outer layer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>epidermis<\/strong> is your first line of defense against the environment\u2014like a sleek, waterproof raincoat. Despite being as thin as a sheet of paper, it helps shield you from external aggressors like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.isdin.com\/us\/blog\/skincare\/how-pollution-affects-your-skin\/\">pollution<\/a>, bacteria, and h<a href=\"https:\/\/www.isdin.com\/us\/blog\/skincare\/how-climate-affects-your-skin\/\">arsh weather<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s mostly made up of <strong>keratinocytes<\/strong>, cells packed with keratin (a familiar fibrous protein). These cells are stacked like bricks and held together by a mix of fatty acids and water, forming your <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.isdin.com\/us\/blog\/skincare\/what-is-the-skin-barrier\/\">skin barrier<\/a><\/strong>\u2014a wall of protection for the skin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As keratinocytes move from the bottom of the epidermis to the surface, they mature and eventually shed naturally\u2014supporting your skin\u2019s renewal process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another vital role of the epidermis? <strong>Melanogenesis<\/strong>. This process helps your skin respond to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.isdin.com\/us\/blog\/skincare\/ultraviolet-radiation-and-your-skin\/\">UV radiation<\/a> by producing <strong>melanin<\/strong>, which also influences your skin\u2019s tone and natural level of sun defense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Key function:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Protects skin from environmental aggressors<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>How it changes over time:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Slower cell turnover can lead to a rougher texture<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Daily skin stressors may contribute to fine lines and wrinkles<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uneven melanin distribution can cause dark spots<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>How to care for it:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.isdin.com\/us\/blog\/all\/how-to-exfoliate-your-skin-and-benefits\/\">Exfoliation<\/a><\/strong> encourages healthy renewal and can smooth texture and brighten the appearance of skin. Pair it with an <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.isdin.com\/us\/p\/melatonik\/2962\">antioxidant-rich serum<\/a><\/strong> to help neutralize <a href=\"https:\/\/www.isdin.com\/us\/blog\/skincare\/what-are-free-radicals-how-do-they-affect-skin\/\">free radicals<\/a> and support repair.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"618\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.isdin.com\/us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Exfoliate-to-care-for-skin-layers.jpg\" alt=\"Exfoliate to care for skin layers\" class=\"wp-image-11340 lazyload\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Here\u2019s how to protect every layer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>No matter your age or what skin type you have, the most powerful daily habit for supporting all three layers of skin is simple: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.isdin.com\/us\/blog\/skincare\/how-to-properly-apply-sunscreen\/\">Apply broad-spectrum sunscreen<\/a> daily\u2014rain or shine.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>UV exposure is a leading cause of collagen breakdown, uneven <a href=\"https:\/\/www.isdin.com\/us\/blog\/skincare\/your-skin\/understanding-pigmentation-what-you-really-need-to-know\/\">pigmentation<\/a>, and visible aging, as well as more serious concerns such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.isdin.com\/us\/blog\/skincare\/what-is-melanoma-and-how-to-detect-it\/\">skin cancer<\/a>. So give your skin an extra layer of protection every single day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Your skin, understood<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Knowing what your skin is made of helps you make informed decisions for your routine. From exfoliating the outermost layer of the epidermis to hydrating the middle layer to nourishing the deepest layer, every step you take can support your skin\u2019s natural strength and beauty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Remember, your skin does a lot for you. <strong>Do your best to take care of it\u2014layer by layer, day by day.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"618\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.isdin.com\/us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Your-skin-understood.jpg\" alt=\"Your skin, understood\" class=\"wp-image-11346 lazyload\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-references\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Paul A.J. Kolarsick, BS, Maria Ann Kolarsick, MSN, ARNP-C, and Carolyn Goodwin, APRN-BC, FNP. (n.d.). 1 SS skin cancer chapter 1 &#8211; ons | ons.org. https:\/\/www.ons.org\/. Retrieved February 8, 2022, from https:\/\/www.ons.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publication_pdfs\/1%20SS%20Skin%20Cancer_chapter%201.pdf \n\nVideira IF, Moura DF, Magina S. Mechanisms regulating melanogenesis. An Bras Dermatol. 2013;88(1):76-83. doi:10.1590\/s0365-05962013000100009\n\nSkin: Layers, structure and function. Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). Retrieved February 8, 2022, from https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/articles\/10978-skin <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We\u2019ve gathered the standout facts about each of your skin\u2019s layers and their processes. Find out how each layer functions, how they age over time, and ways to support them.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":63,"featured_media":11342,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2461,2458],"tags":[2385,2383,2384],"class_list":["post-7442","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-skincare","category-your-skin","tag-skin-functions","tag-skin-layers","tag-skin-science","post_format-post-format-image"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.0 (Yoast SEO v27.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Under Your Skin: Layers and Functions of Skin | ISDIN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"We\u2019ve gathered the standout facts about each of your skin\u2019s layers and their processes. 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